Raleo químico de flores de manzano (Malus x domestica Borkh.) 'Golden Delicious' y 'RedChief Delicious'
Chemical thinning of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) flowers cvs. Golden Delicious and RedChief Delicious
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v6i3.672Palabras clave:
Malus x domestica Borkh, cuajado de frutos, retorno de floración, roseteadoResumen
Aunque el raleo es una práctica común en la región productora de manzana (Malus x domestica Borkh.) del estado de Chihuahua, aún es frecuente que se lleve a cabo de manera manual, tardía, poco eficiente y costosa. El raleo químico es una práctica cada vez más común. En manzano, el raleo de flores o frutos incrementa la calidad de los frutos y reduce la alternancia en la producción. Para maximizar los beneficios de esta práctica, se evaluó la eficiencia de los siguientes compuestos asperjados durante la floración: ácido naftalenacético, cianamida hidrogenada, tiosulfato de amonio, bencil adenina, ácido giberélico y una mezcla de cal-azufre y aceite de pescado como raleadores químicos de flores en los cultivares Golden Delicious y RedChief Delicious. Otro tratamiento consistió en las aplicaciones de la mezcla de cal-azufre y aceite de pescado en floración, además de una aspersión con ácido naftalenacético en post-floración. Los resultados se compararon con un testigo con un raleo manual tardío y un tratamiento con raleo manual en floración. En ambos cultivares, el tratamiento de cal-azufre en floración y ácido naftalenacético en post-floración, redujo significativamente el cuajado de frutos sin reducir el rendimiento a cosecha. Además, con este mismo tratamiento se obtuvieron los frutos de mayor tamaño a la cosecha. Los tratamientos con cal-azufre y aceite de pescado provocaron roseteado en los frutos ‘Golden Delicious’. El tratamiento con ácido naftalenacético en floración redujo significativamente la alternancia de la producción observada en ‘Golden Delicious’.
Abstract
Although thinning is a common practice in the productive apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) region in the state of Chihuahua, it is still often performed manually, belated, innefficient and costly. Chemical thinning is an increasingly common practice. In apple trees, flower or fruit thinning increases the fruit quality and reduces alternate bearing in the apple production. To maximize the benefits of this practice, it was assessed efficiency of the following products: naphthaleneacetic acid, hydrogen cyanamide, ammonium thiosulfate, benzyladenine, gibberelic acid, and a mixture of lime-sulfur and fish oil as chemical thinners of flowers in the cultivars Golden Delicious and RedChief Delicious, sprayed during bloom was evaluated. Another treatment consisted of the application of the lime-sulfur mixture and fish oil at bloom plus a spraying with naphthaleneacetic acid at post-bloom stage. The results were compared with a late manual thinning as control, and with a treatment of manual thinning during bloom. In both cultivars, the treatment with lime- sulfur at bloom and naphthaleneacetic acid at post-bloom, significantly reduced fruit set without reducing crop yield. Furthermore, there were obtained larger fruits at harvest with this same treatment. Treatments with lime-sulfur and fish oil resulted in russeting on 'Golden Delicious' fruits. Naphthaleneacetic acid treatment during bloom significantly reduced alternate bearing observed in cv. 'Golden Delicious'.
Keywords: Malus x domestica Borkh., fruit set, return bloom, russeting.
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