Raleo químico de flores de manzano (Malus x domestica Borkh.) 'Golden Delicious' y 'RedChief Delicious'

Chemical thinning of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) flowers cvs. Golden Delicious and RedChief Delicious

Autores/as

  • David Ignacio Berlanga-Reyes Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo AC, Cd. Cuahtémoc, Chihuahua. México
  • Claudia Ríos-Velasco Centro de Investigación en Alimentos y Desarrollo, A.C.
  • Alejandro Romo-Chacón Centro de Investigación en Alimentos y Desarrollo, A.C.
  • Víctor Manuel Guerrero-Prieto Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v6i3.672

Palabras clave:

Malus x domestica Borkh, cuajado de frutos, retorno de floración, roseteado

Resumen

Aunque el raleo es una práctica común en la región productora de manzana (Malus x domestica Borkh.) del estado de Chihuahua, aún es frecuente que se lleve a cabo de manera manual, tardía, poco eficiente y costosa. El raleo químico es una práctica cada vez más común. En manzano, el raleo de flores o frutos incrementa la calidad de los frutos y reduce la alternancia en la producción. Para maximizar los beneficios de esta práctica, se evaluó la eficiencia de los siguientes compuestos asperjados durante la floración: ácido naftalenacético, cianamida hidrogenada, tiosulfato de amonio, bencil adenina, ácido giberélico y una mezcla de cal-azufre y aceite de pescado como raleadores químicos de flores en los cultivares Golden Delicious y RedChief Delicious. Otro tratamiento consistió en las aplicaciones de la mezcla de cal-azufre y aceite de pescado en floración, además de una aspersión con ácido naftalenacético en post-floración. Los resultados se compararon con un testigo con un raleo manual tardío y un tratamiento con raleo manual en floración. En ambos cultivares, el tratamiento de cal-azufre en floración y ácido naftalenacético en post-floración, redujo significativamente el cuajado de frutos sin reducir el rendimiento a cosecha. Además, con este mismo tratamiento se obtuvieron los frutos de mayor tamaño a la cosecha. Los tratamientos con cal-azufre y aceite de pescado provocaron roseteado en los frutos ‘Golden Delicious’. El tratamiento con ácido naftalenacético en floración redujo significativamente la alternancia de la producción observada en ‘Golden Delicious’.

Abstract

Although thinning is a common practice in the productive apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) region in the state of Chihuahua, it is still often performed manually, belated, innefficient and costly. Chemical thinning is an increasingly common practice. In apple trees, flower or fruit thinning increases the fruit quality and reduces alternate bearing in the apple production. To maximize the benefits of this practice, it was assessed efficiency of the following products: naphthaleneacetic acid, hydrogen cyanamide, ammonium thiosulfate, benzyladenine, gibberelic acid, and a mixture of lime-sulfur and fish oil as chemical thinners of flowers in the cultivars Golden Delicious and RedChief Delicious, sprayed during bloom was evaluated. Another treatment consisted of the application of the lime-sulfur mixture and fish oil at bloom plus a spraying with naphthaleneacetic acid at post-bloom stage. The results were compared with a late manual thinning as control, and with a treatment of manual thinning during bloom. In both cultivars, the treatment with lime- sulfur at bloom and naphthaleneacetic acid at post-bloom, significantly reduced fruit set without reducing crop yield. Furthermore, there were obtained larger fruits at harvest with this same treatment. Treatments with lime-sulfur and fish oil resulted in russeting on 'Golden Delicious' fruits. Naphthaleneacetic acid treatment during bloom significantly reduced alternate bearing observed in cv. 'Golden Delicious'.

Keywords: Malus x domestica Borkh., fruit set, return bloom, russeting.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Anónimo. 2004. Sistema de Análisis Estadístico (SAS) versión 9.0 Institute Inc. Cary, NC.

Berlanga, D.I., A. Romo, A.R. Martínez & V.M. Guerrero. 2008. Apple fruit chemical thinning in Chihuahua, Mexico. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 31(3):243–250. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=61031307

Bertelsen, M.G. & D.S. Tustin. 2002. Suppression of flower bud formation in light cropping trees of ‘Pacific Rose’ apple using gibberellin sprays. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 77(6):753-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2002.11511568

Dennis Jr., F.G. 2000. The history of fruit thinning. Plant Growth Regulation 31(1):1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006330009160

Dennis Jr., F.G. 2002. Mechanisms of action of apple thinning chemicals. HortScience 37(3):471-474. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.37.3.471

Fallahi, E., C.R. Rom & B. Fallahi. 2006. Effects of hydrogen cyanamide, ammonium thiosulfate, endothalic acid, and sulfa carbamide on blossom thinning, fruit quality, and yield of apples. Journal of the American Pomological Society 60:198-204.

Fallahi, E., M.W. Williams & W.M. Colt. 1997. Blossom thinning of ‘Law Rome Beauty’ apple with hydrogen cyanamide and monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate. Journal of Tree Fruit Production 2(1):33-44. https://doi.org/10.1300/J072v02n01_03

Fallahi, E. & K.M. Willemsen. 2002. Blossom thinning of pome and stone fruit. HortScience 37(3):474-477. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.37.3.474

Ferree, D.C., D.M. Scurlock & J.C. Schmid. 2004. Influence of application time and giberellic acid concentration on ‘Seyval Blanc’ grapes. Journal of the American Pomological Society 58(4):220-225.

Forshey, C.G. 1986. Chemical fruit thinning of apples. New York´s Food and Life Sciences Bulletin 116:1-7. https://hdl.handle.net/1813/5147

Greene, D.W. 2002. Chemicals, timing, and environmental factors involved in thinner efficacy on apple. HortScience 37(3):477- 481. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.37.3.477

Guerrero, V.M., A. Romo, J.A. Orozco, D.I. Berlanga, A.A. Gardea & R.A. Parra. 2006. Polinización en manzanos ‘Red Delicious’ y ‘Golden Delicious’. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 29(1):41-45. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=61029106

Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. 2007. Anuario estadístico de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. INEGI. https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/biblioteca/ficha.html?upc=702825168629

Jackson, J.E. 2003. Biology of Apples and Pears. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780511542657. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511542657

Janoudi, A. & J.A. Flore. 2005. Application of ammonium thiosulfate for blossom thinning in apples. Scientia Horticulturae 104(2):161-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.08.016

Lenahan, O.M. & M.D. Whiting. 2006. Physiological and horticultural effects of sweet cherry chemical blossom thinners. HortScience 41(7):1547-1551. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.41.7.1547

Lombard, P.B., N.W. Callan, F.G. Dennis Jr., N.E. Looney, G.C. Martin, A.R. Renquist & E.A. Mielke. 1988. Towards a standardized nomenclature, procedures, values, and units in determining fruit and nut tree yield performance. HortScience 23(5):813-817. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.23.5.813

Mcartney, S., J. Palmer, S. Davies & S. Seymour. 2006. Effects of lime sulfur and fish oil on pollen tube growth, leaf photosynthesis and fruit set in apple. HortScience 41(2):357-360. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.41.2.357

Miranda, C., L.G. Santesteban & J.B. Royo. 2005. Removal of the most developed flowers influences fruit set, quality, and yield of apple clusters. HortScience 40(2):353-356. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.2.353

Nichols, D., C.H. Embree, J. Cline & H.Y. Ju. 2004. Blossom and fruitlet thinners affect crop load, fruit weight, seed number, and return bloom of ‘Northern Spy’ apple. HortScience 39(6):1309-1312. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.6.1309

Richardson, E.A., S. Seeley & D. Walker. 1974. A model for estimating the completion of rest of ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Elberta’ peach trees. HortScience 9(4):331-332. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.9.4.331

Schupp, J., J. McFerson & T. Robinson. 2005. Alternative methods for apple thinning. The Compact Fruit Tree 38:21- 22.

Stopar, M. 1998.Apple fruitlet thinning and photosynthate supply. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 73(4):461-466. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1998.11510999

Unión Agrícola Regional de Fruticultores del Estado de Chihuahua, A.C. 2007. Estadísticas realizadas por la UNIFRUT. UNIFRUT.

Unttiedt, R. & M. Blanke. 2001. Effects of fruit thinning agents on apple tree canopy photosynthesis and dark respiration. Plant Growth Regulation 35:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013894901621

Waldner, W. & M. Knoll. 1998. The influence of fruit load on biennial bearing of ‘Fuji’. The Compact Fruit Tree 31(1):25-29. http://virtualorchard.com/idfta/cft/1998/vol31no1/waldner/waldner.pdf

Wertheim, S.J. 2000. Developments in the chemical thinning of apple and pear. Plant Growth Regulation 31(1):85-100. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006383504133

Wismer, P.T., J.T.A Proctor & D.C. Elfving. 1995. Benzyladenine affects cell division and cell size during apple fruit thinning. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120(5):802-807. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.120.5.802

Descargas

Publicado

2020-11-02

Cómo citar

Berlanga-Reyes, D. I., Ríos-Velasco, C., Romo-Chacón, A., & Guerrero-Prieto, V. M. (2020). Raleo químico de flores de manzano (Malus x domestica Borkh.) ’Golden Delicious’ y ’RedChief Delicious’: Chemical thinning of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) flowers cvs. Golden Delicious and RedChief Delicious. TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua, 6(3), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v6i3.672
Metrics
Vistas/Descargas
  • Resumen
    290
  • PDF
    233
  • HTML
    194

Métrica

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a