Biocontrol con levaduras de Penicillium expansum y Botrytis cinerea en manzana Golden Delicious
Biocontrol with yeasts of Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea in Golden Delicious apples
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v7i2.661Palabras clave:
Candida oleophila, Rhodotorula spp, Cryptococcus spp, poscosechaResumen
Los hongos Penicillium expansum y Botrytis cinerea son los principales patógenos causantes de las pérdidas poscosecha en manzanas producidas en Chihuahua, México. Para el control de estos patógenos generalmente se utilizan fungicidas sintéticos. Para evitar la acumulación de residuos químicos sobre los frutos y la generación de resistencia en el patógeno como consecuencia del uso intensivo de los fungicidas sintéticos, el control biológico es cada vez es más utilizado como estrategia alternativa para el control de diversos fitopatógenos. En este estudio se evaluó la eficiencia como agentes de biocontrol de las levaduras nativas de la región de Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, México: Rhodotorula glutinis, R. mucilaginosa, y dos cepas de Candida oleophila (L-06 y L07), sobre P. expansum y de B. cinerea inoculados en manzanas Golden Delicious. Se evaluaron también las levaduras Cryptococcus flavus, C. albidus y C. laurentii. Solamente las cepas nativas de C. oleophila, L- 06 y L-07 redujeron la severidad de las lesiones provocadas por P. expansum en un 77 y 69%, respectivamente; mientras que R. mucilaginosa redujo la severidad en un 21%. Las cepas L-07 y L-06 de C. oleophila, fueron las más eficientes para el control de B. cinerea con reducciones del daño en 73 y 57%, respectivamente. C. flavus, C. albidus y R. mucilaginosa, aunque en menor grado que C. oleophila, también redujeron la severidad de las lesiones causadas por B. cinerea. Las cepas nativas de C. oleophila tienen gran potencial para el biocontrol de P. expansum y B. cinerea en manzana en poscosecha.
Abstract
Penicillium expansum Link and Botrytis cinerea are among the most common pathogens causing postharvest losses in apples produced in Chihuahua, Mexico. Synthetic fungicides are still commonly used to control rots caused by these fungi on apples, although most Penicillium and Botrytis species have developed resistance to most of the fungicides that are used for their control. An alternative to the use of chemical control is the use of microorganisms that are capable of controlling phytopathogenic fungi and avoiding the chemical residues on the fruit. Efficiency as biocontrol agents of the following yeast native to the region of Cuauhtemoc, Mexico was evaluated: Rhodotorula glutinis, R. mucilaginosa, and two Candida oleophila strains (L-06 y L07), to biocontrol P. expansum and B. cinerea, on Golden Delicious apples. Cryptococcus flavus, C. albidus and C. laurentii were also evaluated. Only native strains Candida oleophila L-06 and L-07 reduced the severity of lesions caused by P. expansum by 77 and 69%, respectively; while R. mucilaginosa reduced lesion severity to 21%. L-07 and L-06 C. oleophila strains were the most efficient to control B. cinerea with damage reduction of 73 and 57%, respectively. Cryptococcus flavus, C. albidus and R. mucilaginosa, although less than C. oleophila, also reduced lesion severity caused by B. cinerea, C. oleophila native strains have a great potential for biocontrol P. expansum and B. cinerea on postharvest apples.
Keywords: Candida oleophila, Rhodotorula spp., Cryptococcus spp., postharvest
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