Aspectos relevantes sobre la bioquímica y la fisiología del fierro en plantas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v8i1.650Palabras clave:
deficiencia de fierro, adquisición de fierro, clorosis férrica, cloroplastosResumen
La presencia de suelos calcáreos provoca la deficiencia de Fierro (Fe) en las plantas, por consecuencia, se provoca un mal funcionamiento de la planta, ya que la fotosíntesis requiere del Fe para sintetizar los foto-elaborados; también, la deficiencia de Fe modifica la arquitectura física de la hoja y se observa un mesófilo con estructura irregular, provocando que la apertura de estomas no sea eficiente, evitando así la asimilación de CO2 y una falta de aprovechamiento de la humedad absorbida por la planta. La deficiencia de Fe inducida es un gran problema que afecta el rendimiento y la calidad de diversos cultivos. Las plantas han evolucionado estrategias multifacéticas, como la actividad quelato reductasa, la extrusión de protones y proteínas especializadas de almacenamiento, a fin de movilizar el Fe del ambiente y distribuirlo a través de la planta. Varias cuestiones relativas a la homeostasis del Fe en las plantas son actualmente estudiadas intensamente debido a su papel fundamental en la productividad de las plantas. La activación de las reacciones de absorción del Fe requiere una adaptación general del metabolismo primario porque estas actividades necesitan el constante suministro de sustratos energéticos. En los suelos calcáreos puede haber suficiente Fe pero no está disponible para las raíces. El presente escrito pone a consideración aspectos relevantes sobre la bioquímica y fisiología de las plantas.
Abstract
The presence of calcareous soils cause iron (Fe) deficiency in plants, consequently malfunctioning of the plant is raised, since photosynthesis requires Fe to complete the process. Fe deficiency also modifies the physical architecture of the leaf, Fe deficiency also alters the physical architecture of the leaf and a mesophilic with irregular structure is observed, causing that the opening of the stomata not to be efficient, thus avoiding the absorption of CO2 and a lack of assimilation of the moisture absorbed by the plant. Induced Iron deficiency is a major problem affecting the yield and quality of crops. Plants have evolved multifaceted strategies, as reductase activity, proton extrusion, and specialized storage proteins, to mobilize Fe from the environment and distribute it throughout the plant. Several issues related to Fe homeostasis in plants are currently intensively studied because of the role of Fe in plant productivity. Activation of Fe absorption reactions requires an overall adaption of primary metabolism because these activities need a constant supply of energy substrates supplied through photosynthesis.. Iron may be sufficient in calcareous soils but is not available to the roots. This paper discusses relevant aspects of the biochemistry and physiology of iron in plants.
Keywords: iron deficiency, iron acquisition, iron chlorosis, chloroplasts.
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