Mecanoquímica: una herramienta importante en la reactividad en el Estado Sólido
Mechanochemistry: an important tool in solid-state reactivity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v16i2.973Palabras clave:
mecanoquímica, química verde, química medicinal, reacciones en estado sólidoResumen
Los inicios de la mecanoquímica pueden remontarse a la prehistoria teniendo registro de su uso en la era de la Grecia antigua presentando importantes avances a inicios del siglo XIX con los trabajos de Lea Carey (considerado el primer mecanoquímico) y de Michael Faraday. A pesar de que la mecanoquímica se conoce desde hace mucho tiempo, esta herramienta sintética no ha recibido la suficiente atención por varias comunidades científicas como un método de preparación robusto de compuestos químicos. Se pueden enumerar distintos factores de este poco entusiasmo hacia la mecanoquímica, siendo los principales la falta de terminología y nomenclatura común, aunado al poco entendimiento de los procesos mecanísticos involucrados (identificación de intermediarios o proposición de mecanismos de reacción). Aún con estas disyuntivas, los métodos mecanoquímicos son procesos de preparación con un alto valor de importancia desde el punto de vista de la Química Verde, ya que las reacciones pueden llevarse a cabo en ausencia o en cantidades catalíticas de disolvente, evitándose el uso de grandes cantidades de este medio. Así, en esta revisión se busca dar un panorama de la situación actual de la mecanoquímica y su uso en distintas áreas de la ciencia.
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