Biofortificación con micronutrientes en cultivos agrícolas y su impacto en la nutrición y salud humana
Micronutrient biofortification in agricultural crops and their impact on human nutrition and health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v9i2.591Palabras clave:
biofortificación, deficiencia de micronutrientes, nutrición, salud humanaResumen
Los seres humanos requieren de más de 22 elementos minerales para su desarrollo óptimo, los cuales pueden ser suplementados con una dieta balanceada. Las deficiencias de micronutrientes se han incrementado en las últimas décadas debido a la depreciación general de la calidad de la dieta de las poblaciones vulnerables, tanto en los países desarrollados y en desarrollo. Se estima que, de la población que padece malnutrición de micronutrientes, entre un 60 a 80 % presenta deficiencia de hierro (Fe), más de 30 % tiene deficiencia en zinc (Zn), 30 % es deficiente en yodo (I) y alrededor del 15 % es deficiente en selenio (Se). Las deficiencias de hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn) son un problema crítico de salud pública en todo el mundo, con el impacto negativo en la salud, la esperanza de vida y la productividad. El proceso de biofortificación es un enfoque agrícola que puede mejorar la nutrición humana a nivel mundial. La biofortificación agronómica se considera a corto plazo y como una estrategia complementaria. Los análisis económicos sugieren que la biofortificación genética es la estrategia más eficaz para aumentar la dieta la ingesta de Fe y Zn de las poblaciones vulnerables. El enriquecimiento de micronutrientes esenciales de los granos de cereales mediante el mejoramiento genético es un área de alta prioridad de la investigación, y una estrategia eficaz entre otros enfoques, por ejemplo, el enriquecimiento, la suplementación y la diversificación de los alimentos. El presente manuscrito pretende dar a conocer la problemática de la deficiencia de micronutrientes a nivel mundial y cómo afecta a la nutrición y salud humana. Así mismo, se plantean algunas soluciones a este problema, como es el caso de la estrategia de biofortificación de micronutrientes en cultivos agrícolas.
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