Compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante de extractos de cálices de variedades de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) de diferentes orígenes
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https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v18i4.1594Palabras clave:
Hibiscus sabdariffa L., solvente, ácido clorógenico, antocianinasResumen
Los cálices de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) son fuente de bioactivos con aplicación en las industrias alimentaria, farmacéutica y cosmética. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el contenido de antocianinas (CAT), las fracciones de ácidos fenólicos (AF), y determinar la capacidad antioxidante (CA) en extractos de cálices de jamaica. Se emplearon tres variedades de jamaica, dos de origen nacional (cálices claros) y una de importación (cálices oscuros). Se utilizaron dos solventes de forma individual: agua (~95 °C) y metanol acidificado (a temperatura ambiente). El CAT y los AF fraccionados (libres, glucosilados y esterificados) se cuantificaron por espectrofotometría y se analizaron por HPLC. La CA se determinó mediante el radical estable DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrihidrazilo). El extracto acuoso presentó 51 % de CAT, en comparación con el 63.7 % en el extracto metanólico. El perfil de antocianinas no se modificó por el procedimiento de extracción. En el extracto acuoso, la fracción de AF esterificados fue la más importante, mientras la menor fue la de AF libres. Los ácidos fenólicos más abundantes fueron el clorogénico y el cafeico. Asimismo, la mayor CA fue en el extracto acuoso de la jamaica China, debido a su elevado CAT. Sin embargo, en el análisis de las muestras estandarizadas en CAT a 100 μg/mL, el extracto de jamaica China presentó la menor CA. La extracción de bioactivos de los cálices de jamaica es mayor en metanol que en extracto acuoso. La jamaica de importación presenta un mayor contenido de antocianinas en comparación de las jamaicas nacionales.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v18i4.1594
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