Synthesis of an unconventional cationic surfactant precursor
Síntesis del precursor de un surfactante catiónico no convencional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v5i1.703Palabras clave:
surfactante, síntesis, precursor, CMCResumen
Este trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de un precursor de surfactante catiónico no convencional empleando el método estándar de síntesis de éteres de Williamsom. Tratamos de diseñar un nuevo tipo de surfactantes heterogéminis con un espaciador rígido y grupos de cabeza no idénticos en la estructura del surfactante. En la síntesis sugerida establecemos el paso preliminar para la obtención un surfactante con dos anillos aromáticos como espaciador rígido. El precursor sintetizado proporciona a la estructura del surfactante un espaciador rígido debido a la presencia del grupo bifenilo, esperando que el surfactante presente una reducción tanto de la curvatura de los agregados micelares, así como de la concentración micelar crítica (CMC), en comparación con reportes previos, donde emplean surfactantes convencionales. Para establecer los pasos de la síntesis se varía la temperatura en el tiempo de reacción, así como la velocidad de adición del compuesto que contiene el grupo de cabeza, deseado que se pretende añadir a la estructura del surfactante propuesto. Para la caracterización se emplearon las técnicas de espectroscopia de infrarrojo (FT-IR) y resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN).
Abstract
The present research is about the development of a precursor of unconventional cationic surfactant by using the standard procedures of the Williamson ether synthesis. It has been intended to design a new type of heterogemini surfactant with a rigid spacer and non identical head groups in the structure of the surfactant. In the synthesis suggested, the preliminary step to obtain a surfactant structure with two aromatic rings as rigid spacer has been established. This synthesized precursor provides with a rigid spacer to the structure of the surfactant due to the presence of a biphenyl group; it is expected that, with this surfactant, it further presents a reduction on both the curvature of micellar aggregates as well as the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) in respect of those previous reports where conventional surfactants are used. To establish the steps of the synthesis, the temperature during the time of reaction has been varied, as well as the velocity of addition of the compound containing the head group which is pretended to be added to the surfactant structure proposed. For the characterization, the infrared spectroscopy technique (FT-IR) and the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were used.
Keywords: surfactants, synthesis, precursor, CMC.
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