Valorización de la biomasa por medio de catálisis homogénea
Biomass valorization by homogeneous catalysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v17i2.1200Palabras clave:
biomasa, catálisis, homogénea, sustentable, metales, ácido levulínicoResumen
Genéricamente podemos considerar a la biomasa como todo aquel material proveniente del crecimiento de microorganismos, plantas o animales, dicho material representa una fuente de residuos y en consecuencia de diversas moléculas de interés, las cuales pueden ser transformadas a otros productos de valor añadido y potencialmente útiles. Uno de los propósitos para su aprovechamiento sería el uso preferente de biomasa de desecho o en desuso, con lo cual se logra la disminución de residuos y el costo de las materias primas. De la hidrólisis de la biomasa se puede llegar a diversas moléculas o bloques de construcción entre los que se destacan, pero no se limitan al furfural y sus derivados, hasta llegar al ácido levulínico (AL). El AL es considerado como una plataforma química a partir de la cual se pueden realizar diversas transformaciones químicas y con ello preparar una gran variedad de productos útiles a nivel industrial y en la academia. Para lo anterior, el uso de metodologías catalíticas es otro aspecto deseable, ya que con ello se logra la disminución de subproductos, tiempos de reacción y consumo de energía. En este trabajo se resalta el uso de metales abundantes en la naturaleza para efectuar dichas transformaciones catalíticas.
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Notas sobre las figuras.
Se informa lo siguiente para los efectos que proceda con los derechos de autor:
Figura 1. Creación propia
Figura 2. Adaptada de: Alonso, D. M., Bond, J. Q. & Dumesic, J. (2010). Catalytic conversion of biomass to biofuels. A. Green chem. 12(9): 1493-1513. https://doi.org/10.1039/C004654J
Figura 3. Adaptada de: Alonso, D. M., Wettstein, S. G. & Dumesic, J. A. (2013). Gamma-valerolactone, a sustainable platform molecule derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Green Chem. 15(3): 584-595. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3GC37065H
Figura 4. Adaptada de: Kumaravel, S., Thiripuranthagan, S., Radhakrishnan, R., Erusappan, E., Durai, M., Devarajan, A. & Mukannan, A. J. (2019). Liquid Phase Esterification of Levulinic Acid into Ethyl Levulinate Over Sulphobenzylated Nanoporous Al-SBA-15 Catalyst. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 19(11): 6965-6977. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16637
Figura 5. Creación propia
Figura 6. Creación propia
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