Desempeño agronómico y fisiológico de variedades nativas de tomate mexicano sometidas a deficiencias de agua y nutrientes
Performance of native varieties of Mexican tomatoes submitted to water and nutrient deficiencies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v16i1.882Keywords:
Solanum lycopersicum L., native varieties, leaf area, yield, biomass, water use efficiencyAbstract
Water and mineral nutrients are essential factors for plant growth and agricultural production. The objective of this work was to compare the response to a combined reduction (25%) of water and mineral nutrition on four native tomato populations and a commercial hybrid, compared to a sufficient irrigation and nutrition regime (100%). The main variables evaluated during the growing cycle were: leaf area, biomass, yield, fruit size and number of fruits per plant, number of locules per fruit, and fruit firmness, total soluble solids, photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency (WUE). It was found that the commercial hybrid outperformed the native tomatoes in leaf area, total biomass, and fruit yield, with and without water deficit. Among the native tomatoes (which have not been subjected to formal plant breeding), var. OAX stood out for its high fruit yield potential (statistically similar to the hybrid) and its high WUE, both in a favorable environment and under water-nutrients stress. The EMX variety stood out for its tolerance to water and nutrient stress expressed in fruit yield and photosynthesis rate. Native var. PUE showed stress tolerance in leaf area and total biomass, as well as a good yield. Likewise, var. CAM had the highest total soluble solids content, both with and without stress. These results show the potential of native tomatoes in productivity and fruit quality, which can be exploited directly for commercial production and as gene donors to form new improved varieties.
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