Review of environmental organopollutants degradation by white- rot basidiomycete mushrooms
Revisión de degradación de contaminantes ambientales por basidiomicetos de la pudrición blanca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v2i2.64Keywords:
Biorremediación, contaminantes orgánicos,, enzimas modificadoras de la ligninaAbstract
Los hongos de la pudrición blanca de la madera pertenecen a un grupo de basidiomicetos capaces de degradar lignina, celulosa y hemicelulosa en proporciones más o menos equivalentes. Estos hongos producen tres enzimas comúnmente conocidas como enzimas modificadoras de la lignina (LME´s), las cuales son producidas durante el metabolismo secundario bajo un proceso estrictamente aerobio y son favorecidas por deficiencias nutricionales, bajo pH, y exceso de Mn. En esta revisión nos enfocamos en la fuente de los contaminantes ambientales más comunes y el papel que juegan los hongos de la pudrición blanca de la madera sobre la degradación de los diversos contaminantes orgánicos que afectan el medio ambiente. Estos contaminantes ambientales se originan principalmente por la acción del ser humano. Los hongos de la pudrición blanca de la madera o sus productos mostraron mineralización de varios de los contaminantes ambientales como el 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), el 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotolueno (TNT); bifenil policlorinados (PCB’s); hidrocarburos policlínicos aromáticos (PAH’s); conservadores de la madera; colorantes sintéticos; y blanqueadores derivados de plantas productoras de papel.
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