Uso de la extracción por fluidos supercríticos (SFE) como estrategia sustentable en la recuperación de polifenoles de Salvilla (Buddleja scordioides Kunth)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v20i1.2175Palabras clave:
salvilla, extracción, fluidos supercríticos, ácidos fenólicos, flavonoidesResumen
Las tecnologías de extracción emergentes cobraron relevancia por sus ventajas en la obtención de metabolitos de calidad. La extracción con fluidos supercríticos (SFE) recupera moléculas bioactivas preservando su integridad. En este estudio, se aplicó SFE a las hojas del arbusto de Buddleja scordioides Kunth (salvilla), especie rica en compuestos fenólicos con propiedades medicinales. Se empleó un diseño central compuesto de tres factores: porcentaje de co-solvente (etanol), presión y tiempo. Los extractos se analizaron para rendimiento, flavonoides totales, actividad antioxidante (ABTS y ORAC) y cuantificación fenólica mediante UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS. Los rendimientos oscilaron entre 3.63-6.27 %, los compuestos fenólicos totales entre 219.17-314.72 μg CE/mg de extractos de hojas de salvilla (SE), actividad antioxidante entre 53.54-81.88 mmol TE/mg SE para ABTS y 78.69-185.40 mmol TE/mg SE para ORAC y el análisis por UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS osciló entre 4188.1-13008.2 ng/mg SE siendo el co-solvente la variable de mayor influencia. De acuerdo con el modelo lineal general (MLG), los puntos centrales (120 min, 150 bares y 20 % de co-solvente) tuvieron los mejores resultados. Este trabajo aporta originalidad al aplicar SFE, para mejorar la extracción de compuestos bioactivos y su calidad. Los resultados exponen a la SFE como estrategia para obtener compuestos fenólicos de salvilla con capacidad antioxidante relevante, respaldando su aplicabilidad en la valorización sostenible de plantas medicinales.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v20i1.2175
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