Complaints and appeals policy

The Editorial Committee is responsible for reviewing complaints and appeals, responding in accordance with ethical principles and best practices established as international standards by organizations such as the Council of Science Editors (CSE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). These standards include those outlined in the 2nd World Conference on Research Integrity in Singapore (2010):

- The Editorial Committee is accountable and must take responsibility for all that they publish.
- The Editorial Committee must make fair and unbiased decisions independent of commercial considerations and ensure a fair and appropriate peer review process.
- The Editorial Committee must promote editorial policies of transparency and full and honest disclosure.
- The Editorial Committee must maintain the integrity of the published record by issuing corrections and retractions when necessary, addressing suspicions or alleged research and publication misconduct.
- The Editorial Committee must address editorial and reviewer misconduct.
- The Editorial Committee must critically assess ethical conduct in studies involving humans and animals.
- Reviewers and authors should be informed of what is expected of them.
- The Editorial Committee must have ethical policies published in an appropriate place to manage conflicts of interest.
- In case of conflicts of interest, authors may submit their complaints via email to the Editor-in-Chief of the journal.

Additionally, the journal adheres to the best practice protocols of Elsevier (PERK Publishing Ethics Resource Kit) and Wiley (Ethics Guidelines). These protocols guide decision-making on the following conflicts:

- Authorship disputes.
- Plagiarism.
- Duplication, concurrent publications, or simultaneous submissions to multiple journals.
- Appropriation of research results.
- Research fraud or errors.
- Violation of research norms.
- Undisclosed conflicts of interest.
- Reviewer bias.

To file a complaint or appeal, please email economicus@uach.mx. The subject line should specify "complaint", "petition", or "observation" as appropriate. The Editorial Committee will respond via email within ten (10) business days.