Glutamina y neoplasias gastrointestinales: revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v20i1.2247Palabras clave:
glutamina, neoplasias gastrointestinales, inmunonutrición, complicaciones posoperatorias, desnutriciónResumen
Esta revisión analiza el impacto clínico e inmunológico de la suplementación con glutamina en neoplasias gastrointestinales, donde la desnutrición afecta hasta al 80 % de los pacientes. Mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica (2021-2026), se evaluaron ensayos clínicos, estudios de cohorte y revisiones sistemáticas con metaanálisis en adultos. Los resultados sugieren que la administración enteral u oral ejerce un papel citoprotector que se asocia con la reducción en la gravedad de la diarrea y mucositis inducidas por quimioterapia y radioterapia, sin mostrar efectos sobre síntomas como náuseas o vómitos. En el entorno quirúrgico, la suplementación perioperatoria atenuó la disminución de albúmina y prealbúmina, y se vinculó con una menor incidencia de fístulas anastomóticas e infecciones, y redujo la estancia hospitalaria entre medio día y casi cuatro días, particularmente en afecciones colorrectales; no obstante, no pareció modificar las tasas de supervivencia general. Se concluye que, aunque la glutamina parece mitigar significativamente la morbilidad aguda y la toxicidad por tratamiento, la diversidad de resultados en la literatura actual resalta la necesidad de diseñar protocolos personalizados que delimiten dosis, vías y momentos idóneos de administración por tipo de tumor.
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