Factores importantes para la expresión de proteínas recombinantes en Escherichia coli: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v20i1.2160Palabras clave:
E.coli, proteína recombinante, plásmido, ADNResumen
El sistema de expresión en Escherichia coli se mantiene como el más utilizado para la producción de proteínas recombinantes debido a su bajo costo, su rápido crecimiento a alta densidad celular, su genética ampliamente caracterizada y la disponibilidad de múltiples herramientas que permiten alcanzar altos niveles de expresión heteróloga. No obstante, este sistema presenta limitaciones importantes, como la formación de cuerpos de inclusión, la ausencia de modificaciones postraduccionales, las dificultades en la correcta formación de enlaces disulfuro y los bajos rendimientos en la expresión de proteínas tóxicas o de membrana. Para superar estas limitaciones, se han desarrollado estrategias que incluyen el uso de cepas y vectores modificados genéticamente. En este contexto, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica orientada por la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué factores influyen en la expresión de proteínas recombinantes en Escherichia coli? La búsqueda se realizó en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español publicados entre 2015 y 2026, correspondientes a estudios originales y revisiones; se excluyeron publicaciones fuera de este periodo, en otros idiomas o sin acceso a texto completo. En conjunto, esta revisión aborda los principales factores y estrategias para optimizar la expresión de proteínas heterólogas en sistemas procariotas.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v20i1.2160
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