Extracción de prebióticos mediante el procesamiento hidrotérmico de residuos agroindustriales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v20i1.2211Palabras clave:
biomasa lignocelulósica, autohidrólisis, ingredientes funcionales, microbiota intestinal, probióticosResumen
Los residuos agroindustriales comprenden una amplia variedad de materiales; entre ellos, la biomasa lignocelulósica (BLC) ha recibido especial atención como materia prima para la producción de prebióticos. Su compleja estructura permite desarrollar estrategias sustentables orientadas a la ruptura de la pared celular, lo que favorece la biodisponibilidad de compuestos de interés para su aplicación en los sectores alimentario, químico, cosmetológico, farmacéutico y energético. Los prebióticos, al ser fibras no digeribles y oligosacáridos, viajan directamente al colon (que contiene una densidad bacteriana mayor que en el intestino delgado), para mediante un proceso de fermentación interno producir ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) que ofrecen beneficios saludables al sistema digestivo. Este trabajo revisa los avances reportados en literatura sobre la extracción y aplicación de prebióticos específicamente los xilooligosacáridos (XOS) a partir de residuos agroindustriales, con énfasis en el procesamiento hidrotérmico (altas presiones) como tecnología sostenible para la producción de estos, y las ventajas y desventajas que ofrece contra otras tecnologías de extracción reportadas en investigaciones (ejemplo: hidrólisis enzimática, ácida y alcalina, y procesos de fermentación). Asimismo, se realzan las propiedades funcionales que los prebióticos ofrecen, como su actividad prebiótica, antioxidante, antiinflamatoria y potencial anticancerígeno. La revisión y análisis de este trabajo identifica que la integración de tecnologías sustentables para el fraccionamiento de BLC puede mejorar la viabilidad y factibilidad en la implementación industrial y promover de una manera eficiente los beneficios en el consumo humano e impacto ambiental.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tch.v20i1.2211
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