Los artefactos digitales de la IA Generativa: análisis crítico-tecnológico del impacto sociocultural actual

Digital artifacts of Generative AI: a critical-technological analysis of current sociocultural impact

Abstract

This paper examines, from a critical-technological perspective, the sociocultural impact of
generative AI (GenAI), focusing on three interdependent axes: 1) authorship and the
attribution of intellectual property rights over digital artifacts generated by AI models, 2) the
opacity and legality of training general-purpose AI models (GPAI) with human work and 3)
the labor and aesthetic valuation effects in diverse artistic and sociocultural environments
and ecosystems. Through a methodical analysis of research, international reports, qualitative
studies with visual artists, sectoral positions, and the European regulatory framework (AI

Act), a panorama of public ambivalence and professional concern emerges regarding the
reuse of copyrighted and non-copyrighted content for training and the potential erosion of
human creative activity. The analysis also contextualizes the rapid international cultural
institutionalization of GenAI (museums and festivals that promote it) and raises research
questions on the issue of human authorship and a potential notion of AI authorship.