The first Five Hundred years of the “invention” (O’Gorman), “encounter” (León-Portilla), “discovery and concealment” (Dussel), positions of a contradictory narrative before the arrival of Columbus to the lands of America. (2025). Debates por la Historia, 13(1), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.54167/debates-por-la-historia.v13i1.1823